Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Actions of Goneril in Shakespeares King Lear Essay

Actions of Goneril in Shakespeares King Lear Whenever the issue of power allocation arises, there usually emerge a few individuals who, given only a moderate amount of authority, overstep their bounds to exert more dominance than they rightfully own; such is the case with Goneril. Yet, although Goneril certainly errs in betraying the very father that bestowed a large dominion upon her, King Lear deserves much of the blame for Gonerils haughtiness. After grossly misinterpreting the reticence of his heretofore prized daughter Cordelia, Lear divides his kingdom between the mendacious Goneril and the scheming Regan, thereby leaving the fate of the land at their unskilled mercies. Naturally, Goneril relishes her newfound control, so†¦show more content†¦Gonerils first underhanded act, falsely professing an exalted love for her father solely in order to gain more land, does not constitute an isolated incident; Lears blindness to the love of Cordelia fosters Gonerils megalomaniacal tendencies as well as permits likeminded Regan, of the self-same metal that [Goneril] is, to commit the same trespass (1.1, 69). Although Goneril speaks first and delivers a very calculated response, Cordelias genuine, candid answer should have trumped the transparent rejoinders of her sisters. Instead, Lear falls victim to their ploy and invests far too much command in Goneril; she responds as would anyone of her ambitious disposition and decides that she must do something, and i the heat, meaning take advantage of Lears burgeoning infirmity (1.1, 308). The second contention for Gonerils wickedness stems from her ordering Oswald, a steward, to snub Lears men, and from her extreme exaggeration of the mens supposedly decadent antics. This argument, however, does not take into account the sentiments of Goneril as a married woman, a lady of the house. In saying, if he dislike it, let him to our sister, she reveals her intent to use negligent servants as a modus operandus for getting Lear out of her castle and on the road to that of Regan (1.3, 14). The mere act of begrudging a former king some of the luxury surrounding his previous position hardly seemsShow MoreRelated The Importance of the First Two Scenes in King Lear1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of the First Two Scenes in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   King Lear, as I see it, confronts the perplexity and mystery of human action. (Shakespeares Middle Tragedies, 169)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the previous quotation from the scriptures of Maynard Mack implies, King Lear is a very complex and intricate play which happens to be surrounded by a lot of debate.   The folio of 1623, which was, as is well known, edited by two of Shakespeares fellow actors (Notes and Essays on Shakespeare, 242)Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1550 Words   |  7 Pageswithin William Shakespeare’s King Lear, it is evident that the tragedy’s protagonist, King Lear can be held accountable for his own victimization and ultimate downfall. The most notable aspects of this self-induced victimization include Lear’s own lack of practical wisdom and divergence from the natural order, combined with the neglect of kingship, that enables Lear as a tragic hero to create the conceptual framework in which the ulterior motives of others, such as his daughters, Goneril and Regan, wereRead More Sinless King Lear ? 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Often, he uses extreme examples and circumstances that seem excessive and unrealistic, but he seems to abide by the rule that Flannery O’Connor later articulated: â€Å"†¦to the hard of hearing you shout, and for the almost blind you draw large and startling figures† (Collected Works). In order to ensure that he got his point across

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Audit Notes Free Essays

Practitioners give the Users a written conclusion Accountable party must have an accountability relationship with the Users Auditors in an engagement must be independent because they would be perceived as unbiased Definitions: Accounting 0 Recording, classifying, and summarizing economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information to have a proper decision making process Assurance 0 An engagement where a practitioner is engaged to issue a written communication expressing a conclusion concerning a subject matter for which the accountable party is responsible Auditing 0 Accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria Auditing should be done by a competent, independent person. Audit of FIS (Triangle diagram based on the conformity of the FIS with IFRS, GAAS, ASPE) Auditor 0 Shareholder’s 0Management Auditor gives their written opinion to the Shareholders Management gives a stewardship relationship (to manage and look after the company for the S/H) with the shareholders Audit Objectives To gain reasonable assurance of FIS To ensure FIS are free from material misstatements For the auditor to express an opinion about the FIS being prepared with respects to the tlnancial reporting trameworks (IFRS Chapter 2 – The Public Accounting Profession Quality Control for Firms (Table 2. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Audit Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9) Leadership for Quality Control Should be present for all audits Quality control procedures should be implemented and communicated to everyone Firms should ensure all personnel are qualified Establish a formal code of conduct Ethical Principles are Required Principles include: Integrity Objectivity Professional Confidence How to cite Audit Notes, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Internal and External Business Environment- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternal and External Business Environment. Answer: Introduction Business environment is the concept which comprises of all the internal and the external variables which are reliable and capable of effecting the operational activities and functionalities of a business corporation. These components are also capable in impacting the employees, clients, dealers and suppliers, management of the organization, the norms and the regulations followed within the organizational structure etc. Business environment has been considered as dynamic in nature as it is a well-blended mixture of number of components and changes in some or the other continues to take place (Craig and Campbell, 2012). The concept is concerned with the impacts of the internal and the external factors (i.e. the micro and the macro environmental factors). Business environment is the climate or set of the conditions i.e. the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental under which all the business activities and the operations are conducted. It is the aggregate of conditions, impacts and the events which are surrounding the business (notes.tyrocity. 2017). The below presented report has been focused on the internal and the external analysis of the business environment of Blackmores Limited which is a leading brand name in Australia of natural health. The company provides quality range of vitamins, minerals, herbal and nutritional supplements. Further the report will be focusing on internal business environment and its external operating environment. Internal Analysis One of the factors which have been considered as very much significant and also play a vital role in influencing any of the operational activities and functionalities are the resources of the business corporation (Bartleby. 2013). The resources for any of the firm have been considered as the life blood as they are the most significant factor in running any of the operational activities within the organization. Resources in a firm can be of many types such as financial, human, physical technological and organizational resources. It is an asset, knowledge or competency which is controlled by the corporation. The available resources can be proven as strength and beneficial for the company if they are giving the corporation an competitive advantage and weakness if they are inferior from that of the competitors have.. As Blackmores deals in the health related products the available resources are the machineries, the human resource, the capital and the other technological systems which are being used by the corporation within the operational activities. Also there are some functional capabilities which the firm is required to possess for carrying smooth and flawless operational activities and business. There are some of the subsections under which the capabilities have been categorized. Having a good knowledge about the about the management and the corporate culture is a very much essential concept for the managers. They should have a good hold over the areas such as multinational management and acquisition management. Moreover marketing, brand management, knowledge about the targeted market, human resource management etc. Also there are some of the capabilities which are related with the internal processing and operations of the company, such as flexibility and quality manufacturing. External Analysis The below presented is the macro analysis of Blockmores Limited. Global: The business corporation enjoys and holds a strong reputation in the home nation i.e. Australia and also a great role and contributes in the economic development of nations and in the overseas market (xamidea. 2017). Due to the intense competition the company has focused more in the domestic market sales as compared to global markets. Other than Australia the firm operates its business activities in New Zealand and Asia. On the basis of the survey it has been observed that In 2011 the business entity, Korea was the first new overseas market in 5 years in which the company established the market and where the company acquired BioCeuticals which is worth $40 million (Prezi. 2014). This made the company to play a dominant role in Australia in the practitioner-only market, which has a value of about $150 million. It has been very much difficult for the business corporation engage in high levels of activity in the overseas healthcare market, for example natural health companies ar e sold for multiples like 11 times revenue, bought by Pfizer, Procter Gamble and Nestle. Global1. Economic: There was a rise observed in the level of demand for commodities from the mining industry in the economy and this made the reason for the domestic economy for standing strong with a growing solid pace in 2010~2011 (Porter, 2011). And due to the stability in the economic conditions and the economic boom provided employment opportunities and which improved and the employment rates and also this has made an increase in the nominal income greatly up to 10% and this has benefited to a to a vital rise in household consumption (David, 2011).Due to the interest rates in in the economy remained unchanged at 4.75% since November 2010 to October 2011 and which led to the continuation of the expansion of the global economy and talso a growth sustainability for employment in Australia was observed. Socio/cultural: A great diversified human resources has been found in the organization and it has been observed that in the year of 2011 the entity was having a staff which was able to speak more than 20 different languages, the company has more than 60% of employees across the globe (Fleischmann et al, 2014). English not being their first language 35% of the employees are in the frontline jobs. For developing the sense of Equal Opportunities for Women within the organization Agency (EOWA) reported that it averaged to 355 employees and around 70% of these employees were women. . Environmental: The Company also have some provisions for safeguarding the environment, there are some programs like Serendah Waterfall Project to help the environment and indigenous people. The entity has developed and designed Winter gardens which are into providing the indoor landscaped environment for meeting areas and break-out spaces. Also there are some provisions of treatment rooms for massage and naturopathy an (Rothaermel, 2015)d also facilities of gym including a lap pool, yoga and pilates area. Demographic: The Company has designed and developed the most of the products very well suitable for consumers and there use and also they have been made on the basis of male and female from 18-99+. The business corporations targeted audience is predominantly women aged 20-49 Technological and environmental: Due to modernization the company has been making up gradations and updating in the technologies and the systems which has been used by the business corporation for operating the business activities and the functionalities. Also the company has focused on the social responsibility i.e. preserving the environment (yourarticlelibrary. 2017). The company makes the use of the process and procedures which safer and does not affect the environment adversely. This has also aided the business organization in developing and establishing a strong and loyal customer base. Micro Analysis It has been observed that for the current situations there is a free little competition in the VDS market from fresh food and drinks in Australia, however, there are number of suppliers which has fragmented the market and which includes Blackmores, Sanofi-Aventis, Harron Pharmaceuticals and also Natures Way (Adeoye and Elegunde, 2012). Furthermore, the government imposed a stricter legal control over the items in this sector which made the company to lead limit its potential for development and success in the domestic market. Whereas there are some other factors by which the industry has been driven such as it has been noticed that the level of expenses on the healthcare has been found increasing and which has been measured by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in this instance is of fundamental importance to the industry. The second factor is that due to the rise in the risk of disease the demand for pharmaceuticals varies directly with the age of the population (businessmanag ementideas. 2017). The business corporation should have a proper identification of their rivals. At the current situation the company is facing an intense competition from BioCeuticals. As to tackle and sustain in the industry the business corporation needs to carry out performance evaluation, revise the strategies and plans and objectives, strength and weakness. This will enable them to deal with the situation properly. Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BKL.AX?ltr=1 Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BKL.AX?ltr=1 Conclusion In the lime light of the above executed analysis it have been inferred that business environment is a well-blended mixture of the internal and the external components. Both these both the factors are very much significant for the business environment and are also liable and capable in influencing the operations and functionalities which are executed within a business organization. Blackmores Limited is a health care products dealer corporation and the above report has been focused on the business environment of the company. Moreover a detailed analysis has been done of the internal and the external factors of the business corporation. References Bartleby, 2013, Blackmores business analysis essay, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Blackmores-Business-Analysis-PKCBJ9N3TC. Prezi, 2014, Management Dynamics- Blackmores, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://prezi.com/acvizymxrsxa/management-dynamics-blackmores/?webgl=0. Craig, T. and Campbell, D., 2012.Organisations and the business environment. Routledge. Porter, M.E., 2011. The competitive advantage of nations, states and regions.National Council of Professors Kuala Lumpur. David, F.R., 2011.Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall. Fleischmann, A., Schmidt, W., Stary, C., Obermeier, S. and Brger, E., 2014.Subject-oriented business process management. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. yourarticlelibrary, 2017, 5 major business components of business environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, business studies https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/business-environment/5-major-components-of-business-environment-business-studies/8638/. Adeoye, A.O. and Elegunde, A.F., 2012. Impacts of external business environment on organisational performance in the food and beverage industry in Nigeria.British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences,6(2), pp.56-65. businessmanagementideas, 2017 Business Environment: The Elements of Business Environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/business-environment/business-environment-the-elements-of-business-environment-1968-words/507. xamidea, 2017, Components of business environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://www.xamidea.in/learning/business-studies/6/management:-an-introduction/72/components-of-business-environment/title/10000465. notes.tyrocity, 2017, Business environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://notes.tyrocity.com/business-environment-concept-and-components-internal-and-external/.

Friday, March 27, 2020

African American History and Women Timeline 1860-1869

African American History and Women Timeline 1860-1869 [Previous] [Next] Women and African American History: 1860-1869 1860 founded in 1832 and accepting male and female, white and black students, by 1860 Oberlin College had a student population that was one-third African American 1861 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, autobiography of Harriet Jacobs, was published, including descriptions of the sexual exploitation of female slaves Laura Towne, from Pennsylvania, went to the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina to teach the former slaves she ran a school in the Sea Islands until 1901, adopting several African American children with her friend and teaching partner, Ellen Murray 1862 Charlotte Forten arrived in the Sea Islands to work with Laura Towne, teaching former slaves Mary Jane Patterson, graduating from Oberlin College, was the first African American woman to graduate from an American college Congress abolished slavery in Washington, DC (July 16) Ida B. Wells (Wells-Barnett) born (muckraking journalist, lecturer, activist, anti-lynching writer and activist) (July 13-17) many New York African Americans killed in draft riots (September 22) Emancipation Proclamation issued, freeing slaves within territory controlled by the Union 1863 Fanny Kemble published Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation which opposed slavery and served as anti-slavery propaganda Memoir of Old Elizabeth a Coloured Woman published: autobiography of an African Methodist Episcopal evangelist Susie King Taylor, African American army nurse with the Union army, began writing her journal, later published as In Reminiscences of My Life in Camp: Civil War Nurse Mary Church Terrell born (activist, clubwoman) 1864 Rebecca Ann Crumple graduated from the New England Medical College, becoming the first African American woman M.D. 1865 slavery ended in the United States with the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution   American Equal Rights Association  founded by  Elizabeth Cady Stanton,  Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Lucy Stone, and others, to work for equal rights for African Americans and women the group split in 1868 over which group (women or African American men) should take priority   Charlotte Forten  published Life on the Sea Islands about her teaching experiences as an African American northerner who went south to teach former slaves sculptor  Edmonia Lewis  produced a bust of Robert Gould Shaw, who led black troops in the Civil War (March 9) Mary Murray Washington born (educator, founder of the Tuskegee Womans Club, wife of Booker T. Washington) (April 11)  Mary White Ovington  born (social worker, reformer, NAACP founder) (-1873) many women teachers, nurses, and physicians went to the South to help former slaves by founding schools and providing other services, as part of the Freedmens Bureau effort or as missionaries with religious or more secular organizations 1866 President Andrew Johnson vetoed funding for and extension of the Freedmens Bureau, but Congress overrode the veto   Old Elizabeth  died 1867 Rebecca Cole graduated from medical school, the second African American woman to do so. She went on to work with  Elizabeth Blackwell  in New York.   Edmonia Lewis  created sculpture Forever Free communicating the response of African Americans when they heard of the end of slavery (July 15)  Maggie Lena Walker  born (banker, executive) (December 23) Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) born 1868   14th Amendment  to the US Constitition granted US citizenship to African American men for the first time explicitly defining US citizens as male. Attitudes towards the importance of this change split the American Equal Rights Association within the year. Much later, the 14th Amendment became the basis for various  equal protection  cases advocating for womens rights. Elizabeth Keckley, dressmaker and confidante of Mary Todd Lincoln, published her autobiography,  Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House sculptor  Edmonia Lewis  produced  Hagar in the Wilderness 1869 biography  Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People  by Sarah Bradford published; proceeds funded a home for the elderly founded by  Harriet Tubman   National Woman Suffrage Association  founded (NWSA), with  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  as first president (November) American Woman Suffrage Association founded (AWSA), with Henry Ward Beecher as first president [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1910-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Friday, March 6, 2020

Day in the life of Bob Essay

Day in the life of Bob Essay Day in the life of Bob Essay Writing Research Papers Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. - Gene Fowler A major goal of this course is the development of effective technical writing skills. To help you become an accomplished writer, you will prepare several research papers based upon the studies completed in lab. Our research papers are not typical "lab reports." In a teaching lab a lab report might be nothing more than answers to a set of questions. Such an assignment hardly represents the kind of writing you might be doing in your eventual career. Written and oral communications skills are probably the most universal qualities sought by graduate and professional schools as well as by employers. You alone are responsible for developing such skills to a high level. Resources for learning technical writing Before you begin your first writing assignment, please consult all of the following resources, in order to gain the most benefit from the experience. General form of a typical research article Specific guidelines (if any) for the assignment – see the writeups on individual lab studies McMillan, VE. "Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences, Third Ed." New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001. ISBN 0-312-25857-7 (REQUIRED for Bioc 211, 311, recommended for other science courses that include writing) Writing portfolio examples (pdf) As you polish up your writing skills please make use of the following resources Instructor feedback on previous assignments Common errors in student research papers Selected writing rules (somewhat less serious than the other resources) For Biosciences majors the general guidelines apply to future course work, as can be seen by examining the guidelines for the advanced experimental sciences research paper (Bioc 311). General form of a research paper An objective of organizing a research paper is to allow people to read your work selectively. When I research a topic, I may be interested in just the methods, a specific result, the interpretation, or perhaps I just want to see a summary of the paper to determine if it is relevant to my study. To this end, many journals require the following sections, submitted in the order listed, each section to start on a new page. There are variations of course. Some journals call for a combined results and discussion, for example, or include materials and methods after the body of the paper. The well known journal Science does away with separate sections altogether, except for the abstract. Your papers are to adhere to the form and style required for the Journal of Biological Chemistry, requirements that are shared by many journals in the life sciences. General style Specific editorial requirements for submission of a manuscript will always supercede instructions in these general guidelines. To make a paper readable Print or type using a 12 point standard font, such as Times, Geneva, Bookman, Helvetica, etc. Text should be double spaced on 8 1/2" x 11" paper with 1 inch margins, single sided Number pages consecutively Start each new section on a new page Adhere to recommended page limits Mistakes to avoid Placing a heading at the bottom of a page with the following text on the next page (insert a page break!) Dividing a table or figure - confine each figure/table to a single page Submitting a paper with pages out of order In all sections of your paper Use normal prose including articles ("a", "the," etc.) Stay focused on the research topic of the paper Use paragraphs to separate each important point (except for the abstract) Indent the first line of each paragraph Present your points in logical order Use present tense to report well accepted facts - for example, 'the grass is green' Use past tense to describe specific results - for example, 'When weed killer was applied, the grass was brown' Avoid informal wording, don't address

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Was There a Place for Women in Russian Revolutionary Movements Essay

Was There a Place for Women in Russian Revolutionary Movements - Essay Example From 1905 to 1917, women played significant roles in the Russian revolution as they joined the Bolshevik party and became passionate about the cause being advanced by the party5. Their passion mostly stemmed from their desire to gain more rights beyond their traditional Russian female role, but they also showed that they had the ability to work as hard as their male counterparts in order to secure the rights and freedom of all Russians6. Women during the Bolshevik revolution applied the demeanour of the tverdia which translates to being hard and resolved7. These women also had to be rational, merciless, and unsentimental; their loyalty had to unquestionably be directed to the party and not even to themselves or their family (19). In order to comply with this demand, many of these women had to hold off on getting married or having children; others who were already mothers had to be ready to take the risk of bringing their children to the underground hideouts, sometimes even letting th eir children aid in the revolution8. Women became a major symbol of what the Bolshevik revolution was trying to achieve. They became a symbol of causes like equal rights and opportunity which the revolution was fighting for9. These causes were also hailed by the male Bolsheviks as they believed that these were courageous and decisive goals. Support from the men encouraged more women to join the revolution. However, this support was all for show because beyond the eyes and ears of the women, their efforts were mocked10. Moreover, negative rumours were spread about them, with many of them labelled as promiscuous, ignorant, and deviant. Despite the negative rumblings about these revolutionary women, the lower classes of women were still stirred to... Based on the above discussion, there was a place for women in Russian revolutionary movements. The revolutions which were launched at various points of Russia’s history clamoured for equal rights and better work conditions for all. Women initially had a less active role in these revolutions, however, during the 1905 Bolshevik Revolution, they started to take on a more active role. The Bolshevik Party, however, did not take the role of women seriously during the 1905 revolution. Although they supported it to some degree, they did not fully acknowledge the role of women in the revolution. The fact that the women’s movements were not organized at this point also played the role in the lack of widespread support for their cause. In the years leading up to the 1917 February Revolution however, the women were more organized and passionate in their goals. They were also more united and were able to gain the support of many men in launching the revolution against the government . This paper makes a conclusion that as the 1917 Revolution gained the necessary victory for the Bolshevik Party, the women’s place and role in the revolution garnered more support from the Party. Their impact on the government reforms proved to be valuable and these reforms were eventually implemented under the Party and the Soviet Union. They were able to protect their traditional roles, even as they shunned political seats and power. The reforms and rights they sought to secure are protected to date and have served as a momentous precedent for other women in the global setting.

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

European Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Studies - Essay Example However, this is not the only reason as to why Europe is further divided into different areas such as the eastern and western Europe. One of the primary elements that make this particular situation worse is the political divide in the country. As noted earlier, besides geographical divisions, there are certain measures of political factors that make the unity among European countries effectively possible. Understandably, it is through this particular factor that the European people are now living in different status of opinions about their governments and the status of life that they are living in. With the history that covers the European territories, it could not be denied that the entire civilization of the European generations have come into different essential understanding as to what has happened to their country to the years. Each individual is sure to gave a different point of view with regards the must's and the must-not's of the past leaders and rulership in the continent as applied in the present situation of the political status of the entire continent. Throughout its history, Europe has had a great influence on world politics. It was the ancient Greeks who first created a democracy, in about 450 B.C. This system, where the people choose the government, is widespread today. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church held great political influence across Europe. By the 1700's power had shifted away from the church into the hands if a few nations such as Spain and Great Britain. They grew rich from exploring Asia, Africa and the Americas. Many of these colonies did not gain their independence until the present century. Both WWI and WWII began in Europe. After the Second World War, the continent split into Communist countries in the east and Non-Communist countries in the west. Since then, Europe became the center of power struggle, known in history as the Cold War that existed between the Communist and the Non-Communist countries within the European continent. In the 1980's, reforms in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe led to the collapse of communism there. New states emerged when the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia broke up. The Cold War ended but the conflict between ethnic groups and economic problems caused new tensions in Eastern Europe. In An Aim of Reuniting Every Country in Europe FOLLOWING World War II the countries of western Europe faced a tremendous job of economic reconstruction. Their industries were in ruins and their people were poor. The establishment of freer international trade and closer cooperation was a logical response to the situation. During the 1950's an added incentive for these countries to unite was the fear of many Europeans that the threat of Soviet aggression was growing. What steps were taken to achieve this unity of western European countries Have the organizations established for this purpose proved successful What prospects are there now for greater unity in the future After long preparation, the Council of Europe was established in May of 1949. The goal of this organization is to promote closer unity among its some eighteen-member nations so that economic and social progress might be achieved. (Drake, 2005, 87)The