Poetic Tools Describe Life in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay

Beautiful Tools Describe Life in Walt Whitman's Song of Myself Walt Whitman is ordinarily known as the minstrel of America, a writer who expounded on the basic man of the nation as had never been finished. He had the option to do so in light of the fact that he was a typical man, as can be found in lines, for example, This is the city and I am one of the residents. Within his verse he frequently utilized certain instruments of the regular epic story, obtained from such stories as The Iliad, and The Odyssey. These instruments can be seen inside the lines of his extensive sonnet of fifty-two areas Melody of Myself. The first of these apparatuses incorporate a summon of the dream, as can be found in the lines I loafe and welcome my spirit, which gives off an impression of being a conjuring of a dream, or his own spirit which may likewise be his dream. Another apparatus utilized is inventoriing, all through this sonnet Whitman joins numerous portrayals and pictures that he records in an index structure. Another commonplace epic instrument is that of starting en medias res, or in things. The utilization of analogies, correlations utilizing like or just like another epic instrument that is inescapable inside Whitmans works. The last instrument Whitman utilizes is the mixing of high and low, or the normal man partner with individuals of an alternate class for instance when he analyzes somebody to the president Have you outstript the rest? are you the President? Whitman additionally consolidates certain personas into his works when he utilizes I and me, which don't generally allude to him. In conclusion, Whitman utilizes a type of composing called free stanza, which displays no cognizant musical structure, it is unrhymed. It is with this structure Whitman embarks to catch the American vernacular, making his verse to a greater extent a portrayal of Americas normal man. Secti... ...mbryo, saying My incipient organism has never been slow. Using his notable instrument of indexing he records a few things, for example, a cloud, a sphere, layers, vegetables, and sauroids. All of which are things of the past and add to the topic of forever. It is with these words and pictures that Whitman consolidates his life into the incredible broad time everlasting. He shows how he, and every other person fits into the incredible course of events, and at last how the past can impact ones life in the present. At last Whitman comes to acknowledge only this, that the past has come to make him what his identity is and he closes the segment by saying The sum total of what powers have been consistently utilized to finish and pleasure me, Now I remain on this spot with my spirit. Works Cited: Whitman, Walt. Melody of Myself. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. third ed. Ed, Paul Lauter. Boston,NewYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

Marketing portion update for a Electronic Medical record Business plan Research Paper

Advertising segment update for an Electronic Medical record Business plan - Research Paper Example So as to check this, the organization of medication proposed that EMR ought to be actualized consistently in the business to improve the productivity of guardians. (Erickstad et al, 2011). Target Markets The assessment of the objective market must be directed based on significant factors that basically characterize the qualities of the market to improve the accomplishment of showcasing destinations that have been delineated in this arrangement. Geographic Segmentation †Domestic and International The most huge technique for division which has been found over the span of this exploration in connection with EMR is that of geographic division. Research by Accenture has anticipated that the nations that are destined to expand their utilization of EMR are for the most part the Nordics, Australia just as Spain since they are as of now driving in adaption of the equivalent. Then again, the United States is relied upon to overwhelm even these countries in the utilization of Hospital base d EMRs in before the year's over 2013. Expected Growth The previously mentioned advertise sections that have been described based on their area have shown fluctuating degrees of development in any case, a comparative component in such manner is that each portion is relied upon to extend despite the fact that, the degree of this extension may be extraordinary and as per the advancement of the social insurance framework in the distinguished locales. The biggest potential objective markets are the emergency clinics updating their frameworks and joining EMR innovation; while the hazard is high, the prizes will undoubtedly be relatively high too. Furthermore, enormous markets with noteworthy development potential particularly in clinical help where the support is redistributes ideally by little players would give a favorable objective market to the EMR innovation both from a local and worldwide point of view. Attributes of Customers Since the objective market doesn't include the investme nt of individual buyers, the significant division factors for purchaser markets, for example, segment, psychographic and social components would be unseemly to apply completely notwithstanding, standards of conduct propose that the customer’s mentality towards the item would be sure, with a status stage at which they are educated about its latent capacity benefits and comprehend the advantages of the item. Absolute Market Valuation The development pattern in household and universal markets for EMR infers that the market estimation of every one of the distinguished districts is going to increment in coming years which is a positive sign for the organization. As indicated by look into based figurings and market appraisals the potential estimation of the market for EMR in the United States at present stands at a faltering $17 billion. This figure has been gotten from earlier estimations which revealed the market an incentive to be $15.7 in 2010. Thus, comparable perceptions are normal for nations, for example, Australia and Spain. In any case, expansion rate, conversion scale changes and outside elements, for example, charges must be considered before showing up at solid figures. All out Company Revenue The company’s promise to the customer is the arrangement of a top notch item and our devotion isn't constrained to the conveyance and establishment of the item yet it likewise reaches out to a broad time of administration. The essential expenses of EMR that the customer will acquire once a request for the item is put are separated among the accompanying classes:

Yet Another Blog Entry

Yet Another Blog Entry Back in the sepia-toned pages of my high school years, Personal Finance was one of two classes that the school administrators recognized as a practical art, colloquially known as an Alternative Free Period. (Inexplicably, the other one was Web Design instead of Wikipedia-Related Procrastination Games, although the two were sometimes interchangeable if you could switch windows fast enough. Anyway, enough about my world-class education.) Although I eschewed practical arts completely from the piddly grid of my high school schedule, Ive always suspected that finances are sort of important, especially the personal ones. This semester, I fastidiously scribed every cent of my personal spending into a spreadsheet, which I later rolled out, filled with 24-bit colors, and baked into pie graphs, just like the kind Grandma used to make (where Grandma is a spontaneous euphemism for Microsoft Office 1997). Without further ado, I present a summary of my non-tuition expenses for this semester. Breakdown of Total Personal Expenses: Notice: I spent as much on textbooks this semester as I spent on food*. And textbooks dont even make good sandwiches. *All books were bought used at reduced prices. Food was bought unused, but usually at reduced prices. Since food happens to be one of the protagonists in this blog, heres a slightly ridiculous gloss of how my grocery expenses were distributed: Notice the conspicuous absence of a “Ramen” category. Interestingly, when I look at this in terms of chemical composition, probably 80% of my grocery money this semester was spent on water (contained in fruits, vegetables, soymilk, soup, other liquids, frozen matter, and condiments). Since Fruits and Vegetables was the Soviet Russia of categories in the previous graph, I give you this: . . . where fractal-like vegetable indicates a vegetable with Hausdorff dimension greater than 2.33. Thanks to their high surface-area to volume ratios, fractal vegetables are delightfully prone to soaking up huge amounts of condiments, which happen to occupy about 30% of my fridge/cabinet space. Apples, arguably, are the most plentiful and well-nourished fruits in the Boston Area, thanks to the plenteous peppering of apple orchards across this region. I buy all fruit from grocery stores on Massachusetts Avenue north of MIT instead of at LaVerdes in the Student Center, where the selection is smaller and the prices are higher. (In the previous graph, fractal-like vegetable indicates a vegetable with Hausdorff dimension greater than 2.33. Thanks to their high surface-area to volume ratios, fractal vegetables are delightfully prone to soaking up huge amounts of condiments, which happen to occupy about 30% of my fridge/cabinet space.) Practically all of the food that I paid for last semester was in the form of groceries, purchased biweekly. The remainder came from free food events and my freshman advising seminar, which provided two dinners a week on average in addition to leftovers that could be recycled into one or two meals. Sadly, easily-accessible free food dwindles to a trickle after first semester, so with much grief I anticipate spending lots more on food in the coming months. Also, heres one for the money that went into recreational activities: Contrary to appearances, I only went bowling once during the semester. It just happened to be comparatively expensive. Cumulatively, I spent $757.01 this semester and earned $705.88 from working 4-5 hours per week and taking paid surveys. The following breakdown of my income for this semester borders on the hilarious: Its fairly certain that I earned more from taking surveys than from one of my jobs. I was extraordinarily fortunate last semester to have registered for an advising seminar that paid for tickets to various arts-related events in Boston with free dinners tossed in. If my estimations are even vaguely within range of a ballpark, MITs Office of the Arts spent more than $600 on me this semester, which means that they love me more than most of my relatives do. Naturally, this entry would have ended here with some urbane remarks about the state of the economy, but Ive decided to give you 80% more blog for the same price by throwing in an IAP update. Also, I couldnt think of any urbane remarks about the economy, but I wasnt going to admit it, except I just did anyway. It strains my toleration of absurdity to say the following, but Im more worn-out now than I was for practically all of last semester. The punchline is that I love it. The past week has consisted of waking up at 7 or 8, running across the river in meat-locker temperatures, grappling through the life-changing twists of Mechanics II lectures at 9 in the morning, cramming grocery runs into the cracks in my schedule, sorting chemicals and building (failed) batteries in my UROP lab, kicking and punching a lot of nothingness in Sport Taekwondo class, and reading and rereading and rererereading Vol. 1 of Landaus Course of Theoretical Physics* until midnight. Notice that theres no regret in the previous sentence. *From a literary as well as scientific standpoint, Landaus explanation of physics is straight-up incomparable. The first fourteen pages alone can pummel your paunchy, oversimplified AP Physics textbook into an unrecognizable pulp without breaking a sweat or missing an integral. At the same time, its as clear and succinct and beautiful as a haiku that you wont understand until the fifth time you read it. (Funnily enough, almost half of MIT is still on break. January here is a free-for-all of independent activities: options range from taking up to 12 units of classes and working in a lab to staying at home and playing Guitar Hero for an entire month to doing an externship at a company in another state. Should you choose to return to campus instead of annexing January into your winter break period, youre also free to take as many fun, not-for-credit classes like chocolate tasting or orienteering as you can handle before you explode in recreational bliss.) Through Mechanics II, I was serendipitously reunited with a Physics major friend that I hadnt seen around campus since my stumbling, suitcase-hauling visit as a prefrosh last October. The increased likelihood of rediscovering an old friend is one more reason to take extra physics classes in your spare time. Especially if you end up going to dinner with aforementioned friend and roommates at the deserted-and-mediocre-but-highly-convenient Thai restaurant next to Random. Onto the food snapshots. Katelyn 12 came along and ordered noodles, one of civilizations greatest inventions. My curry was sorely underwhelming in flavor, but the satay was a crisp and dignified representation of the avian species. Afterwards, we strolled down the block to Toscaninis, the contested home of the Best Ice Cream in America, and pontificated about topics of great profundity deep into the heart of the snowy night. I elocuted beautifully about the genius of Tiramisu ice cream, which was at least as mind-blowing as Lagrangian physics. Later that night, the clouds opened their gaping maws and messily slathered Boston with snow. I slept on bean bags in another dorm and didnt return myself to Random Hall until 9 AM the next morning. In short, IAP is great. (Addendum: According to Keri, it is my honorable duty to recount the ferocious, not-really-blood-soaked battle that took place in the courtyard of East Campus on the desolate eve following the Great Snowfall. Denizens of Random Hall, fully armed with boffer swords and plastic lightsabers and a shopping cart filled with hard-packed snowballs, marched up to the walls of East Campus under the cover of darkness and launched an impressive volley of icy projectiles at the windows of the 3rd floor. Aided by the the soul-crushing force of gravity, 3rd East responded by spraying the Random Hall Army with fire extinguishers. Brawling ensued deep into the lonely, impassive night.)

What is hypnosis Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis Free Essay Example, 1250 words

What is Hypnosis? Introduction Hypnosis can be described as the â€Å"systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened of suggestibility† (Weiten, 2008). The state of hypnosis is normally induced by a process called hypnotic induction. This induction consists of a complex series of suggestions and instructions which may be self- administered or they may be delivered by a hypnotist. The hypnosis procedure may be applied for different purposes including: hypnotherapy, stage hypnosis and self hypnosis. Hypnotherapy refers to the use of hypnosis procedures for therapeutic reasons and purposes. Stage hypnosis is the kind of hypnotism that is used for the purposes of audience entertainment (Pintar and Lynn, 2008). Contrary to popular belief, hypnosis is not performed while the individual is in some form of unconscious state. Rather it has been proven that hypnotic subjects are normally fully awake and attentive, but their peripheral awareness is usually reduced. There are two main aspects of hypnosis: physical and psychological. The physical aspect affects the tangible parts of the body or body cells. The psychological aspect of hypnosis affects the emotional and mental aspects of human functionalities (Taddei-Ferretti and Musio, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on What is hypnosis Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Psychological Aspects of Hypnosis Psychological aspects of hypnosis are normally explained through psychological theories that affect the mental and emotion beings. These theories normally try to explain how consciousness and hypnotic suggestions come together in order to elicit certain reactions and behaviors in an individual. In the field of psychotherapy, hypnosis the effects of hypnosis can be explained through the ego state theory which emphasizes on the relationship between psychogenic amnesia, fugue states and multiple personalities. According to the ego state theory, different networks of human personality behaviors, experiences and traits are normally bound by principles common to all of them (Pettinati, 1988). Although it is possible for several ego states to coexist, they normally do so as distinct or independent entities. Hypnosis researchers believe that these entities have loosely defined boundaries. This makes it possible for communication to occur during the hypnotic state, which in turn results in a more general psychological integration of the egos. Some authors claim that hypnosis is a psychologically dissociative condition. In this context, dissociation may be any personality trait that is defined by the connections between perception and cognition of deliberate control over certain behavior.

Actions of Goneril in Shakespeares King Lear Essay

Actions of Goneril in Shakespeares King Lear Whenever the issue of power allocation arises, there usually emerge a few individuals who, given only a moderate amount of authority, overstep their bounds to exert more dominance than they rightfully own; such is the case with Goneril. Yet, although Goneril certainly errs in betraying the very father that bestowed a large dominion upon her, King Lear deserves much of the blame for Gonerils haughtiness. After grossly misinterpreting the reticence of his heretofore prized daughter Cordelia, Lear divides his kingdom between the mendacious Goneril and the scheming Regan, thereby leaving the fate of the land at their unskilled mercies. Naturally, Goneril relishes her newfound control, so†¦show more content†¦Gonerils first underhanded act, falsely professing an exalted love for her father solely in order to gain more land, does not constitute an isolated incident; Lears blindness to the love of Cordelia fosters Gonerils megalomaniacal tendencies as well as permits likeminded Regan, of the self-same metal that [Goneril] is, to commit the same trespass (1.1, 69). Although Goneril speaks first and delivers a very calculated response, Cordelias genuine, candid answer should have trumped the transparent rejoinders of her sisters. Instead, Lear falls victim to their ploy and invests far too much command in Goneril; she responds as would anyone of her ambitious disposition and decides that she must do something, and i the heat, meaning take advantage of Lears burgeoning infirmity (1.1, 308). The second contention for Gonerils wickedness stems from her ordering Oswald, a steward, to snub Lears men, and from her extreme exaggeration of the mens supposedly decadent antics. This argument, however, does not take into account the sentiments of Goneril as a married woman, a lady of the house. In saying, if he dislike it, let him to our sister, she reveals her intent to use negligent servants as a modus operandus for getting Lear out of her castle and on the road to that of Regan (1.3, 14). The mere act of begrudging a former king some of the luxury surrounding his previous position hardly seemsShow MoreRelated The Importance of the First Two Scenes in King Lear1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of the First Two Scenes in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   King Lear, as I see it, confronts the perplexity and mystery of human action. 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Audit Notes Free Essays

Practitioners give the Users a written conclusion Accountable party must have an accountability relationship with the Users Auditors in an engagement must be independent because they would be perceived as unbiased Definitions: Accounting 0 Recording, classifying, and summarizing economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information to have a proper decision making process Assurance 0 An engagement where a practitioner is engaged to issue a written communication expressing a conclusion concerning a subject matter for which the accountable party is responsible Auditing 0 Accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria Auditing should be done by a competent, independent person. Audit of FIS (Triangle diagram based on the conformity of the FIS with IFRS, GAAS, ASPE) Auditor 0 Shareholder’s 0Management Auditor gives their written opinion to the Shareholders Management gives a stewardship relationship (to manage and look after the company for the S/H) with the shareholders Audit Objectives To gain reasonable assurance of FIS To ensure FIS are free from material misstatements For the auditor to express an opinion about the FIS being prepared with respects to the tlnancial reporting trameworks (IFRS Chapter 2 – The Public Accounting Profession Quality Control for Firms (Table 2. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Audit Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9) Leadership for Quality Control Should be present for all audits Quality control procedures should be implemented and communicated to everyone Firms should ensure all personnel are qualified Establish a formal code of conduct Ethical Principles are Required Principles include: Integrity Objectivity Professional Confidence How to cite Audit Notes, Papers

Internal and External Business Environment- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternal and External Business Environment. Answer: Introduction Business environment is the concept which comprises of all the internal and the external variables which are reliable and capable of effecting the operational activities and functionalities of a business corporation. These components are also capable in impacting the employees, clients, dealers and suppliers, management of the organization, the norms and the regulations followed within the organizational structure etc. Business environment has been considered as dynamic in nature as it is a well-blended mixture of number of components and changes in some or the other continues to take place (Craig and Campbell, 2012). The concept is concerned with the impacts of the internal and the external factors (i.e. the micro and the macro environmental factors). Business environment is the climate or set of the conditions i.e. the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental under which all the business activities and the operations are conducted. It is the aggregate of conditions, impacts and the events which are surrounding the business (notes.tyrocity. 2017). The below presented report has been focused on the internal and the external analysis of the business environment of Blackmores Limited which is a leading brand name in Australia of natural health. The company provides quality range of vitamins, minerals, herbal and nutritional supplements. Further the report will be focusing on internal business environment and its external operating environment. Internal Analysis One of the factors which have been considered as very much significant and also play a vital role in influencing any of the operational activities and functionalities are the resources of the business corporation (Bartleby. 2013). The resources for any of the firm have been considered as the life blood as they are the most significant factor in running any of the operational activities within the organization. Resources in a firm can be of many types such as financial, human, physical technological and organizational resources. It is an asset, knowledge or competency which is controlled by the corporation. The available resources can be proven as strength and beneficial for the company if they are giving the corporation an competitive advantage and weakness if they are inferior from that of the competitors have.. As Blackmores deals in the health related products the available resources are the machineries, the human resource, the capital and the other technological systems which are being used by the corporation within the operational activities. Also there are some functional capabilities which the firm is required to possess for carrying smooth and flawless operational activities and business. There are some of the subsections under which the capabilities have been categorized. Having a good knowledge about the about the management and the corporate culture is a very much essential concept for the managers. They should have a good hold over the areas such as multinational management and acquisition management. Moreover marketing, brand management, knowledge about the targeted market, human resource management etc. Also there are some of the capabilities which are related with the internal processing and operations of the company, such as flexibility and quality manufacturing. External Analysis The below presented is the macro analysis of Blockmores Limited. Global: The business corporation enjoys and holds a strong reputation in the home nation i.e. Australia and also a great role and contributes in the economic development of nations and in the overseas market (xamidea. 2017). Due to the intense competition the company has focused more in the domestic market sales as compared to global markets. Other than Australia the firm operates its business activities in New Zealand and Asia. On the basis of the survey it has been observed that In 2011 the business entity, Korea was the first new overseas market in 5 years in which the company established the market and where the company acquired BioCeuticals which is worth $40 million (Prezi. 2014). This made the company to play a dominant role in Australia in the practitioner-only market, which has a value of about $150 million. It has been very much difficult for the business corporation engage in high levels of activity in the overseas healthcare market, for example natural health companies ar e sold for multiples like 11 times revenue, bought by Pfizer, Procter Gamble and Nestle. Global1. Economic: There was a rise observed in the level of demand for commodities from the mining industry in the economy and this made the reason for the domestic economy for standing strong with a growing solid pace in 2010~2011 (Porter, 2011). And due to the stability in the economic conditions and the economic boom provided employment opportunities and which improved and the employment rates and also this has made an increase in the nominal income greatly up to 10% and this has benefited to a to a vital rise in household consumption (David, 2011).Due to the interest rates in in the economy remained unchanged at 4.75% since November 2010 to October 2011 and which led to the continuation of the expansion of the global economy and talso a growth sustainability for employment in Australia was observed. Socio/cultural: A great diversified human resources has been found in the organization and it has been observed that in the year of 2011 the entity was having a staff which was able to speak more than 20 different languages, the company has more than 60% of employees across the globe (Fleischmann et al, 2014). English not being their first language 35% of the employees are in the frontline jobs. For developing the sense of Equal Opportunities for Women within the organization Agency (EOWA) reported that it averaged to 355 employees and around 70% of these employees were women. . Environmental: The Company also have some provisions for safeguarding the environment, there are some programs like Serendah Waterfall Project to help the environment and indigenous people. The entity has developed and designed Winter gardens which are into providing the indoor landscaped environment for meeting areas and break-out spaces. Also there are some provisions of treatment rooms for massage and naturopathy an (Rothaermel, 2015)d also facilities of gym including a lap pool, yoga and pilates area. Demographic: The Company has designed and developed the most of the products very well suitable for consumers and there use and also they have been made on the basis of male and female from 18-99+. The business corporations targeted audience is predominantly women aged 20-49 Technological and environmental: Due to modernization the company has been making up gradations and updating in the technologies and the systems which has been used by the business corporation for operating the business activities and the functionalities. Also the company has focused on the social responsibility i.e. preserving the environment (yourarticlelibrary. 2017). The company makes the use of the process and procedures which safer and does not affect the environment adversely. This has also aided the business organization in developing and establishing a strong and loyal customer base. Micro Analysis It has been observed that for the current situations there is a free little competition in the VDS market from fresh food and drinks in Australia, however, there are number of suppliers which has fragmented the market and which includes Blackmores, Sanofi-Aventis, Harron Pharmaceuticals and also Natures Way (Adeoye and Elegunde, 2012). Furthermore, the government imposed a stricter legal control over the items in this sector which made the company to lead limit its potential for development and success in the domestic market. Whereas there are some other factors by which the industry has been driven such as it has been noticed that the level of expenses on the healthcare has been found increasing and which has been measured by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in this instance is of fundamental importance to the industry. The second factor is that due to the rise in the risk of disease the demand for pharmaceuticals varies directly with the age of the population (businessmanag ementideas. 2017). The business corporation should have a proper identification of their rivals. At the current situation the company is facing an intense competition from BioCeuticals. As to tackle and sustain in the industry the business corporation needs to carry out performance evaluation, revise the strategies and plans and objectives, strength and weakness. This will enable them to deal with the situation properly. Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BKL.AX?ltr=1 Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BKL.AX?ltr=1 Conclusion In the lime light of the above executed analysis it have been inferred that business environment is a well-blended mixture of the internal and the external components. Both these both the factors are very much significant for the business environment and are also liable and capable in influencing the operations and functionalities which are executed within a business organization. Blackmores Limited is a health care products dealer corporation and the above report has been focused on the business environment of the company. Moreover a detailed analysis has been done of the internal and the external factors of the business corporation. References Bartleby, 2013, Blackmores business analysis essay, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Blackmores-Business-Analysis-PKCBJ9N3TC. Prezi, 2014, Management Dynamics- Blackmores, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://prezi.com/acvizymxrsxa/management-dynamics-blackmores/?webgl=0. Craig, T. and Campbell, D., 2012.Organisations and the business environment. Routledge. Porter, M.E., 2011. The competitive advantage of nations, states and regions.National Council of Professors Kuala Lumpur. David, F.R., 2011.Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall. Fleischmann, A., Schmidt, W., Stary, C., Obermeier, S. and Brger, E., 2014.Subject-oriented business process management. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. yourarticlelibrary, 2017, 5 major business components of business environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, business studies https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/business-environment/5-major-components-of-business-environment-business-studies/8638/. Adeoye, A.O. and Elegunde, A.F., 2012. Impacts of external business environment on organisational performance in the food and beverage industry in Nigeria.British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences,6(2), pp.56-65. businessmanagementideas, 2017 Business Environment: The Elements of Business Environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/business-environment/business-environment-the-elements-of-business-environment-1968-words/507. xamidea, 2017, Components of business environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://www.xamidea.in/learning/business-studies/6/management:-an-introduction/72/components-of-business-environment/title/10000465. notes.tyrocity, 2017, Business environment, Assessed on 14th May 2017, https://notes.tyrocity.com/business-environment-concept-and-components-internal-and-external/.

African American History and Women Timeline 1860-1869

African American History and Women Timeline 1860-1869 [Previous] [Next] Women and African American History: 1860-1869 1860 founded in 1832 and accepting male and female, white and black students, by 1860 Oberlin College had a student population that was one-third African American 1861 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, autobiography of Harriet Jacobs, was published, including descriptions of the sexual exploitation of female slaves Laura Towne, from Pennsylvania, went to the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina to teach the former slaves she ran a school in the Sea Islands until 1901, adopting several African American children with her friend and teaching partner, Ellen Murray 1862 Charlotte Forten arrived in the Sea Islands to work with Laura Towne, teaching former slaves Mary Jane Patterson, graduating from Oberlin College, was the first African American woman to graduate from an American college Congress abolished slavery in Washington, DC (July 16) Ida B. Wells (Wells-Barnett) born (muckraking journalist, lecturer, activist, anti-lynching writer and activist) (July 13-17) many New York African Americans killed in draft riots (September 22) Emancipation Proclamation issued, freeing slaves within territory controlled by the Union 1863 Fanny Kemble published Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation which opposed slavery and served as anti-slavery propaganda Memoir of Old Elizabeth a Coloured Woman published: autobiography of an African Methodist Episcopal evangelist Susie King Taylor, African American army nurse with the Union army, began writing her journal, later published as In Reminiscences of My Life in Camp: Civil War Nurse Mary Church Terrell born (activist, clubwoman) 1864 Rebecca Ann Crumple graduated from the New England Medical College, becoming the first African American woman M.D. 1865 slavery ended in the United States with the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution   American Equal Rights Association  founded by  Elizabeth Cady Stanton,  Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Lucy Stone, and others, to work for equal rights for African Americans and women the group split in 1868 over which group (women or African American men) should take priority   Charlotte Forten  published Life on the Sea Islands about her teaching experiences as an African American northerner who went south to teach former slaves sculptor  Edmonia Lewis  produced a bust of Robert Gould Shaw, who led black troops in the Civil War (March 9) Mary Murray Washington born (educator, founder of the Tuskegee Womans Club, wife of Booker T. Washington) (April 11)  Mary White Ovington  born (social worker, reformer, NAACP founder) (-1873) many women teachers, nurses, and physicians went to the South to help former slaves by founding schools and providing other services, as part of the Freedmens Bureau effort or as missionaries with religious or more secular organizations 1866 President Andrew Johnson vetoed funding for and extension of the Freedmens Bureau, but Congress overrode the veto   Old Elizabeth  died 1867 Rebecca Cole graduated from medical school, the second African American woman to do so. She went on to work with  Elizabeth Blackwell  in New York.   Edmonia Lewis  created sculpture Forever Free communicating the response of African Americans when they heard of the end of slavery (July 15)  Maggie Lena Walker  born (banker, executive) (December 23) Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) born 1868   14th Amendment  to the US Constitition granted US citizenship to African American men for the first time explicitly defining US citizens as male. Attitudes towards the importance of this change split the American Equal Rights Association within the year. Much later, the 14th Amendment became the basis for various  equal protection  cases advocating for womens rights. Elizabeth Keckley, dressmaker and confidante of Mary Todd Lincoln, published her autobiography,  Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House sculptor  Edmonia Lewis  produced  Hagar in the Wilderness 1869 biography  Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People  by Sarah Bradford published; proceeds funded a home for the elderly founded by  Harriet Tubman   National Woman Suffrage Association  founded (NWSA), with  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  as first president (November) American Woman Suffrage Association founded (AWSA), with Henry Ward Beecher as first president [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1910-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Day in the life of Bob Essay

Day in the life of Bob Essay Day in the life of Bob Essay Writing Research Papers Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. - Gene Fowler A major goal of this course is the development of effective technical writing skills. To help you become an accomplished writer, you will prepare several research papers based upon the studies completed in lab. Our research papers are not typical "lab reports." In a teaching lab a lab report might be nothing more than answers to a set of questions. Such an assignment hardly represents the kind of writing you might be doing in your eventual career. Written and oral communications skills are probably the most universal qualities sought by graduate and professional schools as well as by employers. You alone are responsible for developing such skills to a high level. Resources for learning technical writing Before you begin your first writing assignment, please consult all of the following resources, in order to gain the most benefit from the experience. General form of a typical research article Specific guidelines (if any) for the assignment – see the writeups on individual lab studies McMillan, VE. "Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences, Third Ed." New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001. ISBN 0-312-25857-7 (REQUIRED for Bioc 211, 311, recommended for other science courses that include writing) Writing portfolio examples (pdf) As you polish up your writing skills please make use of the following resources Instructor feedback on previous assignments Common errors in student research papers Selected writing rules (somewhat less serious than the other resources) For Biosciences majors the general guidelines apply to future course work, as can be seen by examining the guidelines for the advanced experimental sciences research paper (Bioc 311). General form of a research paper An objective of organizing a research paper is to allow people to read your work selectively. When I research a topic, I may be interested in just the methods, a specific result, the interpretation, or perhaps I just want to see a summary of the paper to determine if it is relevant to my study. To this end, many journals require the following sections, submitted in the order listed, each section to start on a new page. There are variations of course. Some journals call for a combined results and discussion, for example, or include materials and methods after the body of the paper. The well known journal Science does away with separate sections altogether, except for the abstract. Your papers are to adhere to the form and style required for the Journal of Biological Chemistry, requirements that are shared by many journals in the life sciences. General style Specific editorial requirements for submission of a manuscript will always supercede instructions in these general guidelines. To make a paper readable Print or type using a 12 point standard font, such as Times, Geneva, Bookman, Helvetica, etc. Text should be double spaced on 8 1/2" x 11" paper with 1 inch margins, single sided Number pages consecutively Start each new section on a new page Adhere to recommended page limits Mistakes to avoid Placing a heading at the bottom of a page with the following text on the next page (insert a page break!) Dividing a table or figure - confine each figure/table to a single page Submitting a paper with pages out of order In all sections of your paper Use normal prose including articles ("a", "the," etc.) Stay focused on the research topic of the paper Use paragraphs to separate each important point (except for the abstract) Indent the first line of each paragraph Present your points in logical order Use present tense to report well accepted facts - for example, 'the grass is green' Use past tense to describe specific results - for example, 'When weed killer was applied, the grass was brown' Avoid informal wording, don't address

Was There a Place for Women in Russian Revolutionary Movements Essay

Was There a Place for Women in Russian Revolutionary Movements - Essay Example From 1905 to 1917, women played significant roles in the Russian revolution as they joined the Bolshevik party and became passionate about the cause being advanced by the party5. Their passion mostly stemmed from their desire to gain more rights beyond their traditional Russian female role, but they also showed that they had the ability to work as hard as their male counterparts in order to secure the rights and freedom of all Russians6. Women during the Bolshevik revolution applied the demeanour of the tverdia which translates to being hard and resolved7. These women also had to be rational, merciless, and unsentimental; their loyalty had to unquestionably be directed to the party and not even to themselves or their family (19). In order to comply with this demand, many of these women had to hold off on getting married or having children; others who were already mothers had to be ready to take the risk of bringing their children to the underground hideouts, sometimes even letting th eir children aid in the revolution8. Women became a major symbol of what the Bolshevik revolution was trying to achieve. They became a symbol of causes like equal rights and opportunity which the revolution was fighting for9. These causes were also hailed by the male Bolsheviks as they believed that these were courageous and decisive goals. Support from the men encouraged more women to join the revolution. However, this support was all for show because beyond the eyes and ears of the women, their efforts were mocked10. Moreover, negative rumours were spread about them, with many of them labelled as promiscuous, ignorant, and deviant. Despite the negative rumblings about these revolutionary women, the lower classes of women were still stirred to... Based on the above discussion, there was a place for women in Russian revolutionary movements. The revolutions which were launched at various points of Russia’s history clamoured for equal rights and better work conditions for all. Women initially had a less active role in these revolutions, however, during the 1905 Bolshevik Revolution, they started to take on a more active role. The Bolshevik Party, however, did not take the role of women seriously during the 1905 revolution. Although they supported it to some degree, they did not fully acknowledge the role of women in the revolution. The fact that the women’s movements were not organized at this point also played the role in the lack of widespread support for their cause. In the years leading up to the 1917 February Revolution however, the women were more organized and passionate in their goals. They were also more united and were able to gain the support of many men in launching the revolution against the government . This paper makes a conclusion that as the 1917 Revolution gained the necessary victory for the Bolshevik Party, the women’s place and role in the revolution garnered more support from the Party. Their impact on the government reforms proved to be valuable and these reforms were eventually implemented under the Party and the Soviet Union. They were able to protect their traditional roles, even as they shunned political seats and power. The reforms and rights they sought to secure are protected to date and have served as a momentous precedent for other women in the global setting.

European Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Studies - Essay Example However, this is not the only reason as to why Europe is further divided into different areas such as the eastern and western Europe. One of the primary elements that make this particular situation worse is the political divide in the country. As noted earlier, besides geographical divisions, there are certain measures of political factors that make the unity among European countries effectively possible. Understandably, it is through this particular factor that the European people are now living in different status of opinions about their governments and the status of life that they are living in. With the history that covers the European territories, it could not be denied that the entire civilization of the European generations have come into different essential understanding as to what has happened to their country to the years. Each individual is sure to gave a different point of view with regards the must's and the must-not's of the past leaders and rulership in the continent as applied in the present situation of the political status of the entire continent. Throughout its history, Europe has had a great influence on world politics. It was the ancient Greeks who first created a democracy, in about 450 B.C. This system, where the people choose the government, is widespread today. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church held great political influence across Europe. By the 1700's power had shifted away from the church into the hands if a few nations such as Spain and Great Britain. They grew rich from exploring Asia, Africa and the Americas. Many of these colonies did not gain their independence until the present century. Both WWI and WWII began in Europe. After the Second World War, the continent split into Communist countries in the east and Non-Communist countries in the west. Since then, Europe became the center of power struggle, known in history as the Cold War that existed between the Communist and the Non-Communist countries within the European continent. In the 1980's, reforms in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe led to the collapse of communism there. New states emerged when the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia broke up. The Cold War ended but the conflict between ethnic groups and economic problems caused new tensions in Eastern Europe. In An Aim of Reuniting Every Country in Europe FOLLOWING World War II the countries of western Europe faced a tremendous job of economic reconstruction. Their industries were in ruins and their people were poor. The establishment of freer international trade and closer cooperation was a logical response to the situation. During the 1950's an added incentive for these countries to unite was the fear of many Europeans that the threat of Soviet aggression was growing. What steps were taken to achieve this unity of western European countries Have the organizations established for this purpose proved successful What prospects are there now for greater unity in the future After long preparation, the Council of Europe was established in May of 1949. The goal of this organization is to promote closer unity among its some eighteen-member nations so that economic and social progress might be achieved. (Drake, 2005, 87)The

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children Hanan Adrime The educational environment is a place that gives us opportunity to make a deep and a vital link with children and young people. This also enables us to communicate and build positive relationships with them. Support staff should bear in mind that there are specific principles, skills, and regulations that are compulsory to provide a productive learning environment for children and young people. So, what are the main principles that the supporting assistant should be knowledgeable of when working in a school setting? The principles of relationship building: Effective communication with its both sides verbal and non-verbal is very important to develop positive relationships with everyone, from inside the school setting and from outside it like parents and careers. It has a good impact on children emotionally, intellectually, and socially as it provides them a harmonious and a happy learning environment. It is hard to build relationships with everyone in the school setting especially when we come across different people with different ideas, morals, and working practices. Therefore using good communication principles helps us easily to build positive relationships. We value children and young people when we respect them and when we communicate with them effectively by listening and making time to them. We should consider their feelings as well by avoiding making assumptions and prejudgements, and try to know what the reasons that push them to behave differently. When we show interest in children as human beings and when we behave with them with a sense of humour makes relationship building with them easy task. There are some social, professional, and cultural factors that affect our communication and relationships with people. Due to that the communication can be either formal or informal depending on the context and situation we are in. A formal communication can occur between a parent and any working staff in the school when discussing the child’s behaviour; it should take place as well when the teacher is discussing any learning information with children. On the other hand the informal one is considered to be an efficient manner to build relationships between teachers themselves and support assistants and also between teachers and their pupils. Informal communication gives more space and freedom for everyone in the school setting to get to know each other deeply. The other factor to be considered is culture. We already mentioned that working in a school setting we may come across different people from different backgrounds and cultures. For that reason, it is mandatory that we mo dify our communication to be adequate for everyone in order to avoid any misunderstandings, because what might be considered as respect in one culture might be considered as disrespect in another one. In addition to these principles, the supporting assistant should adopt some skills and adapt them when communicating and when dealing with disagreements, either with children and young people or with adults. Communication skills: There are different skills that are important when we communicating with children. For example keeping eye contact and adopting the art of silence shows them that their talk is valued by the listener, and it gives them freedom to express themselves and talk freely, especially children who have a low self-esteem. Once the child starts speaking we should pay attention to what they are saying and react appropriately by correcting their language mistakes implicitly. The use of questioning is another skill that proves to children that we are interested in what they are saying. It is an effective skill that enables us to converse with them. In addition to that, we value children more when we use body language; bending down to talk to a child gives him or her feeling of security and equality. Some other aspects like the age of children, the context and communication differences are strong reasons for us to adapt our communication with children and young people. When supporting 3-7 years age group, non-verbal communication is more used such as eye contact, tone of voice, gestures and motivation. Whereas, communication with the age range of 7-12 years is more verbal. Children at this age tend to converse freely with adults as they have more needs and problems to confess .This verbal and non-verbal communication is likely to change though ,according to the context of the situation we are in. For instance, the tone of voice may either be soft or loud depending on the activity being supported. When we adapt communication with children and young people it strongly means that there are differences that must be put into consideration. With children: The tone of voice should be projected appropriately to assure that the instructions are heard and being acted upon. The purpose of communication with children aims more to teach them or ask them to do something and we should show interest, and then listen to them when they are responding to questions being asked. With young people: The tone of voice here should not be projected when it is not required in order to avoid causing any offence. The purpose of communication with young people is different, in terms of passing a lot of information besides what is being taught to them by adopting verbal communication. In general communication with young people takes another sense depending on their level of maturity ,on their interest in the subject being taught and depending on their personality. Besides children and young people, adults as careers and parents also have some communication needs that support staff should be knowledgeable of, precisely when they pass information from school about their children or to explain them things that need to be done. These are some adult’s needs that communication should be adapted to meet them: Literacy: Information should be simplified and clarified as much as possible. Vision impaired: We should show the parents their children’s work closely. Hearing impaired: We should speak slowly and loudly with a clear voice. Speaking English as a second language: The supporting assistant should simplify their English language level and a translator should be provided if required. Communication skills are not only important to build positive relationships but also to deal with disagreements that may lead to break these relationships, and produce us negative relationships instead. Differences in personalities and culture backgrounds are factors that may lead children to disagree easily if they are not brought to accept and respect others. When children disagree, it is preferable to follow these skills: -Keep calm, as low voice makes it easy to discuss the situation. -Encourage both sides to reconcile and communicate. -Ensure no issue is dismissed regardless of how big or small they are. -Encourage both sides to apologise and remind them that they should treat others as they would wish to be treated themselves. Mostly disagreements happen with adults because of lack of communication, dishonesty, and inability to compromise, but if these negative elements are avoided adult’s disagreements might be decreased. When it is inevitable, adults should sort out their conflicts far from children’s earshot and sight especially if any aggressive disagreement is taking place. The support assistant should discuss other’s opinions calmly far from raised voices and assumption making. We should remain polite and professional as we are representing the school policies and principles. Then, consult with other member of staff or the teacher if the disagreement is beyond our position. We should also exercise confidentiality in all disagreements and discussions. When the support assistants comes across complicated disagreements ,they should refer them to teacher or head teacher of the school and it is also advised that they refer to the school grievance and policy. The purpose of practicing these skills wisely and peacefully in disagreements, guaranties a safe and a secure schooling environment for children, and it helps them to develop their positive attitudes towards others. Regulations: Exercising confidentiality in the school setting is a crucial condition that ensures safety for children and young people. All the school staff has access to confidential matters of pupils their families and even the school information. To safeguard this data and information, we should be aware of the main legislations covering and governing this confidentiality. The Data Protection Act 1998 explains us how to exercise confidentiality lawfully, fairly, appropriately, and professionally. The teaching assistant has a duty towards children and young people to reassure them that any information related to them is safe and will not be shared with someone else, as long as this information is not harming the child or anyone else around him. In every rule there is an exception no matter how strict this rule is. Therefore, confidentiality must be breached in cases like these: -Situations disclosed by pupils that would indicate they could come to harm. -Where a child is involved, or could become involved, in criminal activity. -Evidence of an adult being at risk or suffering harm. The teaching assistant should notify the child protection officer as soon as possible. There is another case that necessitates sharing data. For instance, having a child suffering from any dangerous illness. In cases like that the other members of staff should be privy to the whole situation so that attention is paid to the child to ensure his safety at any time. When the teaching assistants raise their knowledge about these principles, skills, and regulations it makes their work with children and young people productive and easier. Effective communication and positive relationships are vital contribution to children’s progress in the school setting.

Pros and cons death penalty Essay

Corporal punishment can be defined as physical punishment that is meted out to someone because they have done something wrong. More often than not corporal punishment involves the use of canes to beat someone. Corporal punishment is normally meted out to children in schools by teachers and at homes by parents or guardians. The advantages of corporal punishment It helps to serve as a deterrent. When children see that someone has been whipped for misbehaving, they try not to do similar things in order to avoid getting whipped. With corporal punishment, parents are able to bring their children under control. There are certain children who can only be controlled through the use of the cane. Corporal punishment helps make children obedient, respectful, polite, etc. In the absence of corporal punishment, children likely go wild. Corporal punishment in school makes students take their studies seriously and also helps keep the students under control. Authorities are able to instill discipline in children through the use of corporal punishment in schools. It makes very recalcitrant and stubborn children submit to authority because they fear that if they don’t do the right thing they just might be whipped. The disadvantages of corporal punishment It can be very counterproductive in the sense that it can sometimes make children hardened and no longer afraid. It is very hurtful and can cause severe injuries to a child. This is the reason why in so many places it has been banned in schools. Corporal punishment strikes severe fear in the hearts and minds of students and can easily make them to drop out of school. Here, they are so afraid that they would be whipped for the least mistake they do. And this constant fear can make the students to drop out of school. Corporal punishment is very painful and is inhumane or cruel to use whips or canes to lash someone. Simply put, it is a barbaric practice. Human rights organizations and advocates all over the world consider corporal punishment on children to be a form of child abuse. When corporal punishment is used excessively in schools and at homes, it has the tendency of making children very hostile to their teachers or parents. This can lead to some children  fighting back – especially when the pain gets too much to take. Corporal punishment can scar children or disfigure them for life – both physically and mentally. Another disadvantage of corporal punishment is the fact that it can land the one meting out the physical punishment in big trouble. For example, if in the course of beating the child, the child suddenly gets severely injured or dies from the beating, then the teacher, parent, or guardian meting out the punishment will face the wrath of the law. Should corporal punishment be abolished? Having taken a look at the advantages and disadvantages of corporal punishment, I personally think that the disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh the advantages and for that reason I really think it should be abolished everywhere. Capital punishment or death penalty is a very common topic for writing a pros and cons essay, and many students choose it as a really great issue which opens plenty of room for discussion. The controversy of death penalty has been one of the most debatable issues for the last decade, and it is possible to find plenty of materials and plenty of ideas to support both sides of the issue. There are a great number of experts who support death penalty and believe that it is the only good punishment for mass murderers, rapists, killers, and other similar kind of criminals. At the same time, there are plenty of enthusiasts and promoters of death-penalty-free world, who underline that taking a human life is something a government has no right to do. If y ou have got an assignment to write a death penalty essay, continue reading this small article to get some interesting ideas and tips as to writing this kind of academic paper. First of all, let’s focus on the arguments of those people who are against death penalty as a punishment for heavy type of criminals. In addition to their main argument that humans have no right to take lives of other humans, even as a retaliation (since killers and murderers do take lives of other human beings), they very often address to religious issues and say that it is only God who can take our lives. He sends us to this world, and only He can decide when it is time for us to go from this world. They are convinced that death penalty is nothing else but an act of violence which has extremely negative effects on modern society. It violates the main right  that we all have, the right to live, and executing capital punishment is nothing else but a cruel and brutal way to kill a human being. Finally, they underline that practicing death penalty is not something that can stop violence and brutal killings, thus it will not work for increasing safety of our society. When speaking about the arguments of those who are supporting death penalty, those people are usually talking about using capital punishment as an instrument of fair justice. They are convinced that death penalty can serve very effectively as a tool to provide social safety. They are sure that death penalty can play a very powerful role as a deterrent and this way make criminals understand what price they are going to pay for doing such heavy criminal acts as murders, rapes, torturing their victims, etc. etc. Capital punishment proponents believe that death penalty can also serve as a threat to those who are planning acts of terrorism and other serious criminal acts. Finally, there is also an idea that exchanging capital punishment with life-long imprisonment is not a solution, and executing criminals is better and cheaper that supporting them in prison all their life long. They say that putting bad people to death is an expression of a true justice. I think the above mentioned arguments can be useful to those students who need to write death penalty pros and cons essay. Regardless of what side you are at and what viewpoint you’re going to support in your essay, you should mention both pro and con arguments. Start your work on your death penalty pros and cons essay with thinking about the way you’re going to present your arguments and creating a small outline of your essay. You can use several strategies for your presentation. After giving your thesis statement in the introduction of your essay (stating your viewpoint as to the issue, or saying if you are an opponent or a proponent of capital punishment), you can briefly mention the argument of the opponent side (in 2-3 paragraphs), and then bring your arguments to support your point of view. Another strategy is bringing the arguments of the opponent side one by one, and then responding to those with the argument supporting your own point of view. Good luck in your work!

Creative Thinking Techniques

IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques Creative Thinking Techniques Derrick Brown, Director Jan Kusiak, General Manager IRM Training Pty Ltd ABN 56 007 219 589 Suite 209, 620 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia 03 9533 2300 [email  protected] com. au jan. [email  protected] com. au Introduction This extract from IRM’s training material looks at how systematic, creative thinking techniques can be used to design practical solutions to business problems. Successful designs don’t just happen.Whilst we can sometimes get ‘flashes of brilliance’, successful designs are more likely to occur as part of a systematic process. Great things are not done by impulse, but by a series of small things brought together. Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) The first step in developing a solution is to identify and define the problem – see the IRM paper Problem Analysis Techniques. Using the problem definition as a starting point we can appl y a number of creative thinking techniques to identify potential solutions, then further analyse and refine these to give us an optimum solution for the problem at hand.This paper discusses some of the successful creative thinking techniques used by business analysts and describes a generic model which can be used to guide the process. ________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1. 0 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 3. 0 3. 1 3. 2 4. 0 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0 Successful design strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Design methods †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Vertical thinking †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Creative thinking †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 The brain †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Left and right brain functions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Blocks to creativity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Creative thinking techniques †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Brainstorming †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 A bridge – process flow analogy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The six thinking hats †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Business process re-engineering: 20 questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Validation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Creative thinking – generic process model †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Balance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 1 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 1. 0 Successful design strategies The design strategies that we choose are crucial to a project’s success – a strategy that initially looks good but that proves to be difficult to implement is not a good strategy. Many projects fail because the strategy proves to be too ambitious and breeches the agreed constraints.Consider the 80/20 rule – often we can solve 80% of the problem with only 20% of the resources, the other 80% of the resources being needed to cater for what may be considered inconsequential factors. This initial consideration may influence all subsequent thinking. Characteristics of succe ssful designs†¦ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ meet the agreed objective(s) solve the defined problem(s) are technically feasible are developed (and operate) within constraints are capable of implementation can absorb medium term business growth are acceptable to the user community Great system. Well done! Thanks†¦ 2. 0Design methods Design is an iterative process and first designs are often thrown away. An outline design is required first, then the details should emerge progressively. Any system design method must: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ force partitioning of the problem progress from the most abstract to the more detailed concentrate on logical design first and physical design last produce a specification that can be understood by its readers There’s nothing wrong in copying ideas that are in general circulation from other businesses. Quite often an idea can be transferred across industry boundaries with great results.People make the difference. The best design teams usually have mixed backgrounds – they bring different experiences and different approaches to the problem. A team of people with IT backgrounds are likely to tackle a problem in the same way, whilst say a customer service representative may have an entirely different outlook – and this is what we need. Don’t rush through problem analysis – good problem analysis will give you a clear understanding and definition of the problem. This definition is critical when communicating potential solutions to stakeholders.  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. rm. com. au 2 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques Danger !! IT staff (and others) frequently get swamped far to quickly in the detail of technical design. Much time is then wasted when the outline changes, rendering the details irrelevant. It is an important principle to focus on the major issues first. Leave the detail until later – get t he outline design (the concepts) approved first. A good example of this is found with screen and report designs. Many analysts, designers and users can be quickly sucked into endless discussion on the best-looking, most appropriate design.Much of this discussion will focus on the physical aspects – which are irrelevant to the major issue. This is all detail and is best left to the technical design phase. If system output is the focus of the design discussion then agreement should be sought only on the output data itself, not on the method or format of output. 2. 1 Vertical thinking This tends to be easier for many of us – it is more detailed and physical. It is where many of us feel most comfortable. Vertical thinking†¦ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ is logical results in unique or few solutions is convergent is more natural for ost of us Many of our clients will also be happiest at this level – discussing the screen or report details, for example. However , be aware that we should not get into these details until we have decided in principle what design strategy to adopt. Otherwise much time and effort will be wasted in detailed discussions – only to find out later that none of it is relevant. JAD (Joint Application Development) groups often get focussed on these details – and can soak up much time in doing so. P R O B L E M S SOLUTION Vertical thinking – applicable to detailed, technical design 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 3 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 2. 2 Creative thinking Most of us are not natural creative thinkers. Telling oneself and the team ‘to be creative’ does not usually yield results. Some special techniques are required to help us use our brains in a different way – to change our usual thinking process. The issue with creative thinking is that almost by definition any idea that has not already been examined is going to sound crazy. But a good solution will probably sound crazy – at first.Unfortunately, that’s why we often won’t put it forward. Creative thinking†¦ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ is imaginative generates many possible solutions is divergent is lateral S O L U T I O N S Applicable to – major company problems – business systems design – overall flow of information 3. 0 The brain In order to find ways of being consciously creative, we must first understand how the brain works. Experimentation on the brain has proved to be very difficult and it is only in the last few years, with advanced scanning technology, that science has discovered much of what we now know.Put simply, the brain consists of two hemispheres joined by a bridge of nervous tissue called the Corpus Callosum. In unusual cases, some people have been born with a split corpus callosum where the two halves of the brain are not connected. Split brain patients are excellent subjects for studying how functions are localised and in which part of the brain they are performed. This has shown that anatomical features in one half of the body are controlled by the opposite half of the brain – the brain is crossed.  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 4 IRM Training – White PaperCreative Thinking Techniques In one experiment, a split brain subject is shown the words ‘Hat Band’. Each eye sees the whole visual field. The right visual field is processed by the left side of the brain, and the left visual field is processed by the right side of the brain. When the subject is asked what has been read, they reply ‘band’. When asked what sort of band, the subject must guess – Rubber band? Jazz band? The subject has no idea what kind of band. The conclusion is that the left side of the brain is the word processing side and of course, it is this side which reads the word ‘Band’.The right side has received t he impression of the word ‘Hat’, but, because of the cut corpus callosum, this is not transmitted to the left brain. Since the subject cannot say that they have received the impression of the word ‘Hat’, we can deduce that the right brain is not capable of word processing. This and similar experiments allow a model of the brain to be drawn showing the localisation of functions between the two halves. This model is true for right-handed people. There is less specialisation of the two halves when the subject is lefthanded. 3. Left and right brain functions It is found that in right-handed people, the left brain deals with the senses and movement of the right of the body, together with speech, reading, mathematics and analytical (logical) thinking. The right brain deals with the senses and movement of the left side of the body together with creativity, the interpretation of shape and the relationship of objects in space. This is, of course, an oversimplificati on. For example, when a person is brain damaged and loses say movement of one side of the body, the other side of the brain can often be trained to take over the missing brain functions.We can see that the left brain is the text processor and the right brain is the picture processor. Further research tells us that the logical left brain analyses new ideas generated by the creative right brain – and turns these ideas into words. Unfortunately, the left brain is found to be dominant and tends to filter out many ideas because they appear to be crazy. The reason behind this dominance of the left brain is probably rooted in our evolutionary past. Primitive man had few left brain functions and relied on right brain functions for survival.An intruder’s intentions were judged as hostile or friendly by stance and facial expression. When the left brain functions evolved, the left brain suppressed the ‘suspicious’ mistrusting right. Modern man needs to find a way of suppressing left brain activity to allow the right to express itself via the generation of ideas – even, and most importantly, the ‘crazy’ ones.  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 5 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 3. 2 Blocks to creativityWe may fear†¦ †¢ making mistakes †¢ looking foolish †¢ being criticised †¢ being alone †¢ being outcast †¢ disturbing tradition †¢ being associated with taboos We may also suffer from†¦ †¢ left brain dominance †¢ incompatible objectives †¢ hostility For these reasons we find that subconsciously we are hindered from coming up with new ideas. If asked at a meeting for ideas to solve a particular problem, most of us are unlikely to do so. We are simply afraid of looking foolish. And our logical left brains prevent the examination of the ideas, seemingly rejecting them before we consciously recognise them!We must take specia l steps to try to prevent this from happening. One way to inhibit the left brain from its dominance is to give it something to do. A right body physical movement will do nicely – like playing with a piece of blu-tack, or doodling. Perhaps you’ve found yourself doodling while listening – it may be something that you’ve found helps you to focus on ideas. Test this for yourself – read a passage from a book aloud, with an observer. Now repeat the exercise, but this time do something with your right hand, say, toss a coin repeatedly. Your reading will suffer!Your left brain has to multi-task and the word-flow is more disjointed.  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 6 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 4. 0 Creative thinking techniques Many techniques exists to stimulate creative thinking and whilst the following list is not exhaustive, the examples below can work well when solving business problems. No specia l tools are needed. 4. 1 Brainstorming The process†¦ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Organise the team, materials and scribe Appoint a chairperson State the problems we are trying to solve Restate the problem a number of times: – How to reduce time to †¦ How to speed up †¦ Inhibit the left brain Have a warm up session e. g. – Other uses for: – A gumboot – A torch – A paper clip Brainstorm the restated problems and record the ideas When the session slows down, invite the ‘wildest idea’ At the end of the session, classify all ideas then evaluate do not eliminate ideas too quickly Request assistance from management on matters of policy, don’t speculate †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ To be successful, brainstorming sessions need a good chairperson.It is vital that no discussions are allowed on any idea during the session, the idea is just recorded. The chairperson’s role is to keep the ideas coming, often fast and furious, with people striking sparks off each other. The evaluation is the hard part, but don’t strike out the crazy ones too quickly – they might just be the key to a good solution. Evaluate ideas against a checklist such as the one below: Idea 1 Does it meet the objectives Does it solve the problem Does it introduce new problems Will it fit in with current systems Can it accommodate growth Idea 2 Idea 3 Idea†¦nTry not to make the checklist too comprehensive at this stage. We want to eliminate the ideas that are clearly unworkable but retain all that are worth further consideration.  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 7 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 4. 2 A bridge – process flow analogy Solutions to bottleneck or flow problems.. A congested road bridge makes a good theme for a brainstorming session. There are many conceptual similarities between traffic and process flows.Many so lutions fall into one of the following classes: †¢ Speed up the flow †¢ Reduce the flow †¢ Divert the flow These generic solutions apply to many systems, whether traffic, production lines or information flows. We are mainly concerned with information flows and the bridge analogy often helps. Thinking about road traffic problems should also remind us to consider social, political, environmental and economic factors when creating our solutions. 4. 3 The six thinking hats Design options can generate much discussion during the evaluation process. This needs to be controlled if we are to make good use of our time.It is easy to take sides, to defend our own ideas and to attack what we may see as opposing ideas. This may not be constructive. An approach that helps to avoid confrontation and which channels our critical analysis is the ‘Six Thinking Hats’ approach (Dr Edward de Bono). Using this technique a group can evaluate an idea and can argue both the pros an d cons whilst remaining as objective as possible. A chairperson should formally facilitate the process. An individual may ‘wear’ a hat to produce a comment without any possible attached stigma – ‘wearing the black hat for a moment I don’t think that this will work†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.The person who is always critical without being constructive has to become constructive (or lose face) when asked by the chair – ‘now let us wear the yellow hat and see what good things may result from this idea’. Caution!!! The process does need to be facilitated. Like any of these methods, it may not be useful and may even be counter-productive unless managed correctly. The hats†¦ 1. White hat – neutral – (think of white paper) Information – What do we know? What information do we want? What do we need? 2. Red hat – fire, warmth Feelings, emotion, intuition, hunches 3. Black hat – caution Legality, judgement, moral ity 4.Yellow hat – sunshine Positive, optimism, benefits 5. Green hat – growth New ideas, new slants, options, opportunities 6. Blue hat – sky Overview, control of the process, agenda, next step, action plans, conclusions  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 8 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 4. 4 Business process re-engineering: 20 questions This process works well as a design tool (and also as a problem analysis tool – see the IRM paper: Problem Analysis Techniques). The last question of each group (†¦should†¦? ) makes us consider the broader design options. The last group of questions (How†¦? encourages us to focus on the method. It’s important that the What group of questions is asked first, and the How group of questions is asked last. 1. What? †¢ †¢ †¢ What is being done? (what is being achieved) Why is it necessary? What else could be done? What else should be done? Where is it being done? Why there? Where else could it be done? Where else should it be done? When is it done? Why then? When else could it be done? When else should it be done? Who does it? Why this person/group? Who else could do it? Who else should do it? How is it done? Why this way? How else could it be done? How else should it be done? 2.Where? †¢ †¢ †¢ 3. When? †¢ †¢ †¢ 4. Who? †¢ †¢ †¢ 5. How? †¢ †¢ †¢ Use the ideas generated from the brainstorming sessions, apply the BPR 20 questions technique and re-visit the most promising.  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 9 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 5. 0 Validation Prior to commencing detailed specification, the analyst should appraise the outline design using the following checklist: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ have the objectives been met? have the problems been solved? what new problems have been introduce d? (there are always some) is the design vulnerable to change in the working environment? ill the design cater for reasonable growth? Characteristics of good ideas.. †¢ †¢ †¢ solve, or partially solve, more than one identified problem can be implemented quickly. Your client will often be attracted to a partial solution that relieves the problem, while you continue to work on the complete solution can be implemented independently. In IT we often put forward complex solutions that depend upon the successful implementation of other systems. When a problem occurs with one system there is often a domino effect of delays mesh well with overall business strategies. These will always find favour with management. an be implemented step-by-step, incremental implementation. Implement a basic solution, then implement more sophistication. In this way you offer a faster solution delivery – albeit not a complete solution – at first. Management may well be willing to wa it for the full solution, especially if the business concepts are new †¢ †¢  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 10 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 6. 0 Creative thinking – generic process model Problem Identification Problem Analysis Problem Definition Brainstorm Bridge Six Hats BPR Solution DesignsValidation Solution Hints and tips†¦ †¢ †¢ Modelling the current system (logical & physical) can aid problem understanding Chose creative techniques applicable to the problem and your team. Not all problems lend themselves to all techniques. Be flexible and willing to try a different technique or a combination of some or all of them Be open to new information – for example, facts uncovered during a brainstorming session may require you to revisit your understanding of the problem Essential modelling techniques help give an uncluttered view of the proposed solution Don’t disregard a solution just ecause it doesn’t solve the whole problem. Your final solution may be built from several ideas, each relevant to a different part of the problem †¢ †¢ †¢  © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 11 IRM Training – White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 7. 0 Balance Time Time Budget All solutions are compromises. We may need to balance how many functions we automate against the time and money required to achieve this. We may weigh the merits of automating a process against the frequency (and therefore inconvenience) of doing it manually.Before these decisions can be made, we must establish the basic facts as far as is reasonable (estimating where necessary). Wherever a system design option exists, weigh up the facts, consult the client or your colleagues as appropriate and recommend or make a decision. Never be afraid to think outside the square and to seek alternative solutions, or to re-define the problem. There’s always another wa y of doing it. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

Religion And Its Impact On Society - 951 Words

Religion to me is a set of beliefs and practices that can determine actions in everyday life by determining morals and deciding what is right and wrong in each society. This is a general idea that I believe has guided societies for centuries and has shaped today’s cultures. As we study cultures around the world, we can find significant influential factors dating back to a prominent religion that shaped the ideals of culture telling the people what is deemed acceptable practice and behavior and what is unacceptable behavior. Religion has shaped so much more than worshipers. Religious beliefs are one reason the Europeans migrated over from Europe. The founding fathers put religion greatly into the building of this great nation and the†¦show more content†¦Being religious does not always mean the same thing to other parts of the world as we associate with in America. Countries in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam etc.) practice religion in a very different way than we do. They erected temples to honor their gods; they may have certain rituals they perform because that is the religious tradition. China has no religion due to the political leadership they are under. Many people from China or Japan have never heard of a god, much less his role. To them, religious rituals have no connection based on the same definitions we give it. However, they believe greatly that their ancestors are watching over them. They honor them – that can be considered a type of religion. One argument that I have found interesting is the nature vs. nurture debate. I believe it to fit both parameters. Early human civilizations would have looked for explanations to life and the basic questions of why, what, how etc. Religion answers these questions through rituals and behaviors. Sacred texts are an important aspect to answering such questions. Many religions (especially the world religions) have some version of sacred text that they believe in. The Muslim have the Quran, Christian faiths have the bible, and Latter-Day Saints (LDS) have the Book of Mormon as another testament of Christ along with the bible. These